Zidovudine

drug-information.ru

|Zidovudine

Drugs search, click the first letter of a drug name:


| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9  Home

ZIDOVUDINE (Systemic)

Some commonly used brand names are:

In the U.S.—

  • Retrovir

In Canada—

  • Apo-Zidovudine
  • Novo-AZT
  • Retrovir

Another commonly used name is AZT .

Category

  • Antiviral, systemic

Description

Zidovudine (zye-DOE-vue-deen) (also known as AZT) is used in combination with other anti-virus medicines in the treatment of the infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is the virus responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Zidovudine is used to slow the progression of disease in patients infected with HIV who have advanced symptoms, early symptoms, or no symptoms at all. This medicine also is used to help prevent pregnant women who have HIV from passing the virus to their babies during pregnancy and at birth.

Zidovudine will not cure or prevent HIV infection or AIDS; however, it helps keep HIV from reproducing and appears to slow down the destruction of the immune system. This may help delay the development of problems usually related to AIDS or HIV disease. Zidovudine will not keep you from spreading HIV to other people. People who receive this medicine may continue to have the problems usually related to AIDS or HIV disease.

Zidovudine may cause some serious side effects, including bone marrow problems. Symptoms of bone marrow problems include fever, chills, or sore throat; pale skin; and unusual tiredness or weakness. These problems may require blood transfusions or temporarily stopping treatment with zidovudine. Check with your doctor if any new health problems or symptoms occur while you are taking zidovudine .

Zidovudine is available only with your doctor"s prescription, in the following dosage forms:

  • Oral
  • Capsules (U.S. and Canada)
  • Oral solution (U.S. and Canada)
  • Tablets (U.S. and Canada)
  • Parenteral
  • Injection (U.S. and Canada)

Before Using This Medicine

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For zidovudine, the following should be considered:

Allergies—Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to zidovudine. Also tell your health care professional if you are allergic to any other substances, such as foods, preservatives, or dyes.

Pregnancy—Zidovudine crosses the placenta. Studies in pregnant women have shown that zidovudine decreases the chance of passing HIV to your baby during pregnancy and at birth. In these studies, zidovudine did not increase the occurrence of birth defects. In most studies in animals, zidovudine has not been shown to cause birth defects except at extremely high doses; however, it has been shown to decrease the number of successful pregnancies in rats and rabbits at doses many times higher than human doses.

Breast-feeding—Zidovudine passes into breast milk. Breast-feeding is usually not recommended in patients with HIV infection because of the risk of passing HIV to the infant.

Children—Zidovudine can cause serious side effects in any patient. Therefore, it is especially important that you discuss with your child"s doctor the good that this medicine may do as well as the risks of using it. Your child must be carefully followed, and frequently seen, by the doctor while he or she is taking zidovudine.

Older adults—Zidovudine has not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it is not known whether it causes different side effects or problems in the elderly than it does in younger adults.

Other medicines—Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking zidovudine, it is especially important that your health care professional know if you are taking any of the following:

  • Amphotericin B by injection (e.g., Fungizone) or
  • Antineoplastics (cancer medicine) or
  • Antithyroid agents (medicine for overactive thyroid) or
  • Azathioprine (e.g., Imuran) or
  • Chloramphenicol (e.g., Chloromycetin) or
  • Colchicine or
  • Cyclophosphamide (e.g., Cytoxan) or
  • Flucytosine (e.g., Ancobon) or
  • Ganciclovir (e.g., Cytovene) or
  • Interferon (e.g., Intron A, Roferon-A) or
  • Mercaptopurine (e.g., Purinethol) or
  • Methotrexate (e.g., Mexate) or
  • Plicamycin (e.g., Mithracin)—Caution should be used if these medicines and zidovudine are used together; taking zidovudine while you are using or receiving these medicines may make anemia and other blood problems worse
  • Clarithromycin (e.g., Biaxin)—Clarithromycin may decrease the amount of zidovudine in the blood
  • Combination drugs that contain zidovudine (e.g., Combivir, Trizivir)—May increase the amount of zidovudine in the blood, increasing the chance of side effects
  • Probenecid (e.g., Benemid)—Probenecid may increase the amount of zidovudine in the blood, increasing the chance of side effects
  • Doxorubicin (e.g., Adriamycin) or
  • Ribavirin (e.g., Virazole)— These medicines may cause zidovudine to be less effective

Other medical problems—The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of zidovudine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

  • Anemia or other blood problems—Zidovudine may make these conditions worse
  • Liver disease—Patients with liver disease may have an increase in side effects from zidovudine
  • Low amounts of folic acid or vitamin B12 in the blood—Zidovudine may worsen anemia caused by a decrease of folic acid or vitamin B12
  • At risk for liver disease, or
  • Obesity, or
  • Taking medicines called nucleosides for a long time—Zidovudine may increase the chance for liver disease

Proper Use of This Medicine

Patient information sheets about zidovudine are available. Read this information carefully.

Take this medicine exactly as directed by your doctor . Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. Also, do not stop taking this medicine without checking with your doctor first.

Keep taking zidovudine for the full time of treatment , even if you begin to feel better.

For patients using zidovudine oral solution :

  • Use a specially marked measuring spoon or other device to measure each dose accurately. The average household teaspoon may not hold the right amount of liquid.

This medicine works best when there is a constant amount in the blood. To help keep the amount constant, do not miss any doses . If you need help in planning the best times to take your medicine, check with your health care professional.

Dosing—The dose of zidovudine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor"s orders or the directions on the label . The following information includes only the average doses of zidovudine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

  • For the treatment of HIV infection:
    • For oral dosage forms (capsules, oral solution, and tablets):
      • Adults and children 12 years of age and older—600 milligrams (mg) a day in divided doses in combination with other anti-virus medicine.
      • Children up to 12 years of age—Dose is based on body weight or body size and must be determined by your doctor. Zidovudine is given in combination with other anti-virus medicine.
    • For injection dosage form:
      • Adults and teenagers—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 1 to 2 mg per kilogram (kg) (0.45 to 0.9 mg per pound) of body weight, injected slowly into a vein every four hours five to six times a day. The injection dosage form is given until you can take zidovudine by mouth.
      • Children up to 12 years of age—Dose is based on body weight or body size and must be determined by your doctor.
  • To help prevent pregnant women from passing HIV to their babies during pregnancy and at birth:
    • For capsule dosage form:
      • Pregnant women (after 14 weeks of pregnancy, up to the start of labor)—100 milligrams (mg) five times a day, 200 mg every eight hours, or 300 mg every twelve hours until the start of labor.
    • For oral solution dosage form:
      • Pregnant women (after 14 weeks of pregnancy, up to the start of labor)—100 milligrams (mg) five times a day, 200 mg every eight hours, or 300 mg every twelve hours until the start of labor.
      • Newborn infants—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose of oral solution is 2 mg per kilogram (kg) (0.9 mg per pound) of body weight every six hours starting within eight to twelve hours of birth and continuing through six weeks of age.
    • For injection dosage form:
      • Pregnant women (during labor and delivery)—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 2 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) (0.9 mg per pound) of body weight infused into a vein over the first hour, followed by 1 mg per kg (0.45 mg per pound) of body weight infused into a vein each hour until the umbilical cord is clamped.
      • Newborn infants—If the infant is unable to receive zidovudine oral solution, the injection form may be used instead. Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 1.5 mg per kilogram (kg) (0.7 mg per pound) of body weight every six hours.

Missed dose—If you do miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage—To store this medicine:

  • Keep out of the reach of children.
  • Store away from heat and direct light.
  • Do not store capsule in the bathroom, near the kitchen sink, or in other damp places. Heat or moisture may cause the medicine to break down.
  • Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed. Be sure that any discarded medicine is out of the reach of children.

Precautions While Using This Medicine

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits . This medicine may cause blood problems.

Do not take any other medicines without checking with your doctor first . To do so may increase the chance of side effects from zidovudine.

Zidovudine may cause blood problems. These problems may result in a greater chance of certain infections and slow healing. Therefore, you should be careful when using regular toothbrushes, dental floss, and toothpicks not to damage your gums. Check with your medical doctor or dentist if you have any questions about proper oral hygiene (mouth care) during treatment.

HIV may be acquired from or spread to other people through infected body fluids, including blood, vaginal fluid, or semen. If you are infected, it is best to avoid any sexual activity involving an exchange of body fluids with other people. If you do have sex, always wear (or have your partner wear) a condom (“rubber”) . Only use condoms made of latex, and use them every time you have vaginal, anal, or oral sex . The use of a spermicide (such as nonoxynol-9) may also help prevent the spread of HIV if it is not irritating to the vagina, rectum, or mouth. Spermicides have been shown to kill HIV in lab tests. Do not use oil-based jelly, cold cream, baby oil, or shortening as a lubricant—these products can cause the condom to break. Lubricants without oil, such as K-Y Jelly , are recommended. Women may wish to carry their own condoms. Birth control pills and diaphragms will help protect against pregnancy, but they will not prevent someone from giving or getting the AIDS virus. If you inject drugs , get help to stop. Do not share needles with anyone . In some cities, more than half of the drug users are infected, and sharing even one needle can spread the virus. If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional.

Side Effects of This Medicine

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

Fever, chills, or sore throat; pale skin; unusual tiredness or weakness

Note:

The above side effects may also occur up to weeks or months after you stop taking this medicine.

Rare

Abdominal discomfort; confusion; convulsions (seizures); diarrhea; fast, shallow breathing; general feeling of discomfort; loss of appetite; mood or mental changes; muscle pain, tenderness, weakness, or cramping; nausea; shortness of breath; sleepiness

Other side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. However, check with your doctor if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome:

More common

Difficulty having a bowel movement (stool); general feeling of discomfort or illness; ; headache (severe); lack or loss of strength; muscle soreness; nausea; trouble in sleeping; vomiting; weight loss

Less common

Bluish-brown colored bands on nails; changes in skin color

Other side effects not listed above may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your doctor.

Incidence unknown

acid or sour stomach; belching; burning, tingling, numbness or pain in the hands, arms, feet, or legs; sensation of pins and needles, stabbing pain; heartburn; muscle or bone pain; indigestion; stomach cramps; stomach pain; yellow eyes or skin

Additional Information

Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it is also useful for other medical problems. Although this use is not included in product labeling, zidovudine is used in certain patients with the following medical condition:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to occupational exposure (possible prevention of)

Other than the above information, there is no additional information relating to proper use, precautions, or side effects for this use.

Revised: 04/05/2004

The information contained in the Thomson Healthcare (Micromedex) products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Healthcare products.





Where can I get more information about Zidovudine ? We recommend to use www.Drugs.com

Typical mistypes for Zidovudine
xidovudine, sidovudine, aidovudine, zudovudine, zjdovudine, zkdovudine, zodovudine, z9dovudine, z8dovudine, zisovudine, zixovudine, zicovudine, zifovudine, zirovudine, zieovudine, zidivudine, zidkvudine, zidlvudine, zidpvudine, zid0vudine, zid9vudine, zidocudine, zidobudine, zidogudine, zidofudine, zidovydine, zidovhdine, zidovjdine, zidovidine, zidov8dine, zidov7dine, zidovusine, zidovuxine, zidovucine, zidovufine, zidovurine, zidovueine, zidovudune, zidovudjne, zidovudkne, zidovudone, zidovud9ne, zidovud8ne, zidovudibe, zidovudime, zidovudije, zidovudihe, zidovudinw, zidovudins, zidovudind, zidovudinr, zidovudin4, zidovudin3, idovudine, zdovudine, ziovudine, zidvudine, zidoudine, zidovdine, zidovuine, zidovudne, zidovudie, zidovudin, izdovudine, zdiovudine, ziodvudine, zidvoudine, zidouvdine, zidovduine, zidovuidne, zidovudnie, zidovudien, zzidovudine, ziidovudine, ziddovudine, zidoovudine, zidovvudine, zidovuudine, zidovuddine, zidovudiine, zidovudinne, zidovudinee, etc.



© Copyright by drug-information.ru 2001-2019. All rights reserved