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|Thiamin Hydrochloride |
Drugs search, click the first letter of a drug name: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 Home Thiamin Hydrochloride( B 1 ) Pronouncation: (THIGH-uh-min HIGH-droe-KLOR-ide)Class: Water-soluble vitamin Trade Names: Mechanism of ActionPharmacologyThiamin, after conversion to thiamin pyrophosphate, functions with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in carbohydrate metabolism. Deficiencies result in beriberi, characterized by GI manifestations, peripheral neuropathy, and cerebral deficits. PharmacokineticsAbsorptionThiamin is a water-soluble vitamin. It is absorbed by both diffusion and active transport mechanisms. Absorption following IM administration is rapid and complete. DistributionThiamin is widely distributed in all tissues, with highest concentrations in liver, brain, kidney, and heart. When thiamin intake exceeds needs, tissue stores increase more than 2 to 3 times. If intake is insufficient, tissues become depleted of their vitamin content. MetabolismThiamin undergoes rapid metabolism. Thiamine + ATP → thiamine pyrophosphate (cocarboxylase) coenzyme. EliminationExcess thiamin is excreted in urine. Depletion of vitamin B 1 occurs about 3 wk with absence of thiamin in diet. Indications and UsageProphylaxis or treatment of thiamin deficiency (beriberi). Parenteral use indicated when oral therapy not feasible or advisable. Unlabeled UsesMosquito repellant; treatment of ulcerative colitis, chronic diarrhea, cerebellar syndrome, polyneuritis; appetite stimulant; prevention of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. ContraindicationsStandard considerations. Dosage and AdministrationAdultsPO 0.5 mg per 1,000 kcal intake. RDA is 1.2 to 1.5 mg (adult men), 1 to 1.1 mg (adult women). Children 6 to 10 yr of age0.8 to 1 mg. Children younger than 6 yr of age0.3 to 0.5 mg (infants). Wet Beriberi with Myocardial FailureAdults IV 10 to 30 mg 3 times daily. Treat as emergency cardiac condition. BeriberiAdults IM 10 to 20 mg 3 times daily for 2 wk, then PO 5 to 10 mg (as part of multivitamin) for 1 mo. ChildrenIV 10 mg initially followed by IM 10 mg twice daily for 3 days, then 10 mg daily for 6 wk. Thiamin Deficiency Secondary to Alcoholism (Wernicke Encephalopathy)Adults IV 50 to 100 mg; then IM/IV 50 to 100 mg/day until consuming normal diet; then PO 40 mg/day. Metabolic DisordersAdults PO 10 to 20 mg daily; max doses of 4 g daily have been used. Storage/StabilityStore in light-resistant container. Drug InteractionsIV incompatibilitiesUnstable in neutral or alkaline solutions. Incompatible with sulfite containing solutions. Incompatible with barbiturates, erythromycin, lactobionate, citrates. Laboratory Test InteractionsNone well documented. Adverse ReactionsCardiovascularCV collapse; hypotension; death. CNSWeakness; restlessness. DermatologicPruritus; urticaria. EENTTightness of throat. GINausea; hemorrhage into GI tract. RespiratoryPulmonary edema; cyanosis. MiscellaneousFeeling of warmth; sweating; anaphylaxis; angioneurotic edema; local tenderness and induration (after IM use). PrecautionsPregnancyCategory A ; ( Category C if used in doses greater than the RDA.) LactationUndetermined. HypersensitivityCan occur. Deaths have resulted from IV administration. Intradermal test dose is recommended if sensitivity is suspected. DeficiencySingle vitamin B 1 deficiency is rare; suspect multiple vitamin deficiencies. Wernicke encephalopathyMay occur or worsen suddenly in thiamin-deficient patients given glucose. If deficiency is suspected, give thiamin before or with dextrose-containing fluids. Patient Information
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