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|Carteolol HCl |
Drugs search, click the first letter of a drug name: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 Home Carteolol HClPronouncation: (CAR-tee-oh-lahl HIGH-droe-KLOR-ide)Class: Beta-adrenergic blocking agent Trade Names: Trade Names: Trade Names: Mechanism of ActionPharmacologyBlocks beta-receptors, primarily affecting cardiovascular system (eg, decreases heart rate, cardiac contractility, BP) and lungs (promotes bronchospasm). Ophthalmic use reduces IOP, probably by decreasing aqueous production. PharmacokineticsAbsorptionOralWell absorbed. T max is 1 to 3 hr. Bioavailability is about 85%. DistributionOral23% to 30% protein bound. MetabolismOralMetabolized to 8-hydroxycarteolol (active) and glucuronide conjugates. EliminationOralThe t ½ is about 6 hr (carteolol) and about 8 to 12 hr (8-hydroxycarteolol). About 50% to 70% is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Special PopulationsRenal Function ImpairmentOral The t ½ may be prolonged and elimination decreased. Dosage adjustment may be needed. Indications and UsageManagement of hypertension. Ophthalmic preparation for control of intraocular hypertension and lowering of IOP in chronic open-angle glaucoma. Unlabeled UsesTreatment of angina. ContraindicationsHypersensitivity to beta-blockers; persistently severe bradycardia; greater than first-degree AV block; CHF unless secondary to tachyarrhythmia treatable with beta-blockers; overt cardiac failure; sinus bradycardia; cardiogenic shock; bronchial asthma or bronchospasm, including severe COPD. Dosage and AdministrationAdultsPO 2.5 to 10 mg qd. Ophthalmic use1 drop bid in affected eye(s). Consider concomitant therapy if IOP is not at satisfactory level. General AdviceFor ophthalmic solution, pull out lower lid to create pocket, administer drop without touching eye, release lower lid, close eye, and apply gentle pressure on inner canthus of eye to avoid systemic absorption. Storage/StabilityStore at room temperature. Drug InteractionsClonidineMay enhance or reverse antihypertensive effect; may cause potentially life-threatening increases in BP, especially on simultaneous discontinuation of both drugs. EpinephrineMay cause initial hypertensive episode followed by bradycardia. Ergot derivativesMay cause peripheral ischemia with cold extremities. Peripheral gangrene possible. NSAIDsMay impair antihypertensive effect. PrazosinMay increase orthostatic hypotension. Systemic beta-blockerWhen coadministered with ophthalmic carteolol HCl solution, may cause additive effects and toxicity. TheophyllinesMay reduce elimination of theophylline. May cause pharmacologic antagonism, reducing effects of one or both drugs. VerapamilMay increase effects of both drugs. Laboratory Test InteractionsNone well documented. Adverse ReactionsCardiovascularHypotension; bradycardia; CHF; cold extremities; first-, second-, or third-degree atrioventricular block; arrhythmias; syncope. CNSInsomnia; fatigue; dizziness; depression; lethargy; drowsiness; forgetfulness; headache. DermatologicRash; hives; alopecia. EENTDry eyes; blurred vision; tinnitus; slurred speech; dry mouth; sore throat. Eye discomfort or stinging; tearing; keratitis; drooping eyelids; visual disturbances; diplopia; ptosis (ophthalmic use). GINausea; vomiting; diarrhea; constipation. GenitourinaryImpotence; painful, difficult, or frequent urination. HematologicAgranulocytosis; thrombocytopenic purpura. MetabolicHyperglycemia; hypoglycemia; unstable diabetes mellitus; hypercholesterolemia; hyperlipidemia; increased LDH. RespiratoryBronchospasm; shortness of breath; wheezing. MiscellaneousWeight changes; fever; facial swelling; cramps; muscle weakness. Antinuclear antibodies may develop. Precautions
PregnancyCategory C . LactationExcreted in breast milk. ChildrenSafety and efficacy not established. Renal FunctionRequires dosage adjustment. Hepatic FunctionRequires dosage adjustment. Cessation of therapyDiscontinue therapy gradually, over about 2 wk, with careful observation of patient and limited physical activity. CHFAdminister cautiously in patients with CHF treated with digitalis and diuretics. Diabetes mellitusDrug may mask signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia (eg, tachycardia, BP changes). May potentiate insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Peripheral vascular diseaseDrug may precipitate or aggravate symptoms of arterial insufficiency. ThyrotoxicosisMay mask clinical signs of developing or continuing hyperthyroidism (eg, tachycardia). Abrupt withdrawal may exacerbate symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including thyroid storm. OverdosageSymptomsBradycardia, cardiac failure, hypotension, bronchospasm, hypoglycemia. Patient Information
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