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|Terconazole |
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Terconazole - Clinical PharmacologyFollowing intravaginal administration of Terconazole in humans, absorption ranged from 5-8% in three hysterectomized subjects and 12-16% in two non-hysterectomized subjects with tubal ligations. Following daily intravaginal administration of 0.8% Terconazole 40 mg (0.8% cream × 5 g) for seven days to normal humans, plasma concentrations were low and gradually rose to a daily peak (mean of 5.9 ng/mL or 0.006 mcg/mL) at 6.6 hours. Results from similar studies in patients with vulvo-vaginal candidiasis indicate that the slow rate of absorption, the lack of accumulation, and the mean peak plasma concentration of Terconazole was not different from that observed in healthy women. The absorption characteristics of Terconazole 0.8% in pregnant or non-pregnant patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis were also similar to those found in normal volunteers. Following oral (30 mg) administration of 14C-labeled Terconazole, the harmonic half-life of elimination from the blood for the parent Terconazole was 6.9 hours (range 4.0-11.3). Terconazole is extensively metabolized; the plasma AUC for Terconazole compared to the AUC for total radioactivity was 0.6%. Total radioactivity was eliminated from the blood with a harmonic half-life of 52.2 hours (range 44-60). Excretion of radioactivity was both by renal (32-56%) and fecal (47-52%) routes. In vitro, Terconazole is highly protein bound (94.9%) and the degree of binding is independent of drug concentration. Photosensitivity reactions were observed in some normal volunteers following repeated dermal application of Terconazole 2.0% and 0.8% creams under conditions of filtered artificial ultraviolet light. Photosensitivity reactions have not been observed in U.S. and foreign clinical trials in patients who were treated with Terconazole suppositories. MicrobiologyTerconazole exhibits fungicidal activity in vitro against Candida albicans. Antifungal activity has also been demonstrated against other fungi. The MIC values of Terconazole against most Lactobacillus spp. typically found in the human vagina were ≥128 mcg/mL; therefore these beneficial bacteria were not affected by drug treatment. The exact pharmacologic mode of action of Terconazole is uncertain; however, it may exert its antifungal activity by the disruption of normal fungal cell membrane permeability. No resistance to Terconazole has developed during successive passages of C. albicans. Indications and Usage for TerconazoleTerconazole vaginal suppositories 80 mg are indicated for the local treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (monilasis). As this product is effective only for vulvovaginitis caused by the genus Candida, the diagnosis should be confirmed by KOH smears and/or cultures. ContraindicationsPatients known to be hypersensitive to Terconazole or to any of the components of the cream or suppositories. WarningsNone. PrecautionsGeneralDiscontinue use and do not retreat with Terconazole if sensitization, irritation, fever, chills, or flu-like symptoms are reported during use. The base contained in the suppository formulation may interact with certain rubber or latex products, such as those used in vaginal contraceptive diaphragms, therefore concurrent use is not recommended. Laboratory TestsIf there is lack of response to Terconazole, appropriate microbiologic studies (standard KOH smear and/or cultures) should be repeated to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other pathogens. Drug InteractionsTerconazole vaginal suppositories, 80 mg: The therapeutic effect of this product is not affected by oral contraceptive usage. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of FertilityCarcinogenesisStudies to determine the carcinogenic potential of Terconazole have not been performed. MutagenicityTerconazole was not mutagenic when tested in vitro for induction of microbial point mutations (Ames test), or for inducing cellular transformation, or in vivo for chromosome breaks (micronucleus test) or dominant lethal mutations in mouse germ cells. Impairment of FertilityNo impairment of fertility occurred when female rats were administered Terconazole orally up to 40 mg/kg/day for a three month period. PregnancyTeratogenic EffectsPregnancy Category CThere was no evidence of teratogencity when Terconazole was administered orally up to 40 mg/kg/day (25× the recommended intravaginal human dose of the suppository formulation) in rats, or 20 mg/kg/day in rabbits, or subcutaneously up to 20 mg/kg/day in rats. Dosages at or below 10 mg/kg/day produced no embryotoxicity; however, there was a delay in fetal ossification at 10 mg/kg/day in rats. There was some evidence of embryotoxicity in rabbits and rats at 20-40 mg/kg. In rats, this was reflected as a decrease in litter size and number of viable young and reduced fetal weight. There was also delay in ossification and an increased incidence of skeletal variants. The no-effect dose of 10 mg/kg/day resulted in a mean peak plasma level of Terconazole in pregnant rats of 0.176 mcg/mL which exceeds by 17 times the mean peak plasma level (0.010 mcg/mL) seen in normal subjects after intravaginal administration of Terconazole 80 mg vaginal suppository. This safety assessment does not account for possible exposure of the fetus through direct transfer to Terconazole from the irritated vagina by diffusion across amniotic membranes. Since Terconazole is absorbed from the human vagina, it should not be used in the first trimester of pregnancy unless the physician considers it essential to the welfare of the patient. Nursing MothersIt is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Animal studies have shown that rat offspring exposed via the milk of treated (40 mg/kg/orally) dams showed decreased survival during the first few post-partum days, but overall pup weight and weight gain were comparable to or greater than controls throughout lactation. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, and because of the potential for adverse reaction in nursing infants from Terconazole, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Pediatric UseSafety and efficacy in children have not been established. Geriatric UseClinical studies of Terconazole vaginal suppositories did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. Adverse ReactionsTerconazole vaginal suppositories, 80 mg: Based on comparative analyses with placebo (295 patients), the adverse experiences considered adverse reactions most likely related to Terconazole 80 mg vaginal suppositories were headache (30.3% vs. 20.7% with placebo) and pain of the female genitalia (4.2% vs. 0.7% with placebo). Adverse reactions that were reported but were not statistically significantly different from placebo were burning (15.2% vs. 11.2% with placebo) and body pain (3.9% vs. 1.7% with placebo). Fever (2.8% v. 1.4% with placebo) and chills (1.8% vs. 0.7% with placebo) have also been reported. The therapy-related dropout rate was 3.5% and the placebo therapy-related dropout rate was 2.7%. The adverse drug experience on Terconazole most frequently causing discontinuation was burning (2.5% vs. 1.4% with placebo) and pruritus (1.8% vs. 1.4% with placebo). OverdosageOverdose of Terconazole in humans has not been reported to date. In the rat, the oral LD 50 values were found to be 1741 and 849 mg/kg for the male and female, respectively. The oral LD 50 values for the male and female dog were 1280 and ≥ 640 mg/kg, respectively. Terconazole Dosage and AdministrationTerconazole vaginal suppositories, 80 mg Before prescribing another course of therapy, the diagnosis should be reconfirmed by smears and/or cultures and other pathogens commonly associated with vulvovaginitis ruled out. The therapeutic effect of Terconazole vaginal suppositories is not affected by menstruation. How is Terconazole SuppliedTerconazole vaginal suppositories 80 mg are available as 2.5 g, elliptically shaped white to off-white suppositories in packages of three with a vaginal applicator. Store at 20°-25° C (68°-77° F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Mfg. By: Clay-Park Labs, Inc., Bronx, NY 10457 I717 R0704 Terconazole VAGINAL SUPPOSITORIES, 80 MG Three oval suppositories, for use inside the vagina only. HOW TO USE: Place one suppository into the vagina each night at bedtime, for 3 nights, as directed by your doctor. The Terconazole vaginal suppository is self-lubricating and may be inserted with or without the applicator. A. Insertion with the applicator
B. Insertion without the applicator
NOTE: Store at 20°-25° C (68°-77° F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. See end flap for lot number and expiration date. A WORD ABOUT YEAST INFECTIONS Why do yeast infections occur? Yeast infections are caused by an organism called Candida (KAN di duh). It may be present in small and harmless amounts in the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina. Sometimes the natural balance of the vagina becomes upset. This may lead to rapid growth of Candida, which results in a yeast infection. Symptoms of a yeast infection include itching, burning, redness, and an abnormal discharge. Your doctor can make the diagnosis of a yeast infection by evaluating your symptoms and looking at a sample of the discharge under the microscope. How can I prevent yeast infections? Certain factors may increase your chance of developing a yeast infection. These factors don"t actually cause the problem, but they may create a situation that allows the yeast to grow rapidly.
Controlling these factors can help eliminate yeast infections and may prevent them from coming back. Some other helpful tips:
Mfg. By: Clay-Park Labs, Inc., Bronx, NY 10457 I717 R0704
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