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|Protamine Sulfate |
Drugs search, click the first letter of a drug name: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 Home Protamine SulfatePronouncation: (PRO-tuh-meen SULL-fate)Class: Heparin antagonist Trade Names: Mechanism of ActionPharmacologyNeutralizes heparin by forming heparin-protamine complex. PharmacokineticsMetabolismMay be partially metabolized or may be cleaved by fibrinolysin, thus freeing heparin. OnsetRapid, neutralization occurs within 5 min. DurationDuration is 2 hr, dependent on body temperature. Indications and UsageTreatment of heparin overdose. ContraindicationsStandard considerations. Dosage and AdministrationAdultsIV 1 mg for each 90 units of heparin derived from lung tissue or 115 units of heparin derived from intestinal mucosa. Because heparin disappears rapidly from circulation, the dose of protamine required decreases rapidly with time following IV injection of heparin. For example, if protamine is administered 30 min after heparin, ½ the usual dose may be sufficient. The dose of protamine should be determined by blood coagulation studies. General Advice
Storage/StabilityStore protamine sulfate injection in refrigerator (36° to 46°F). Do not freeze. Drug InteractionsNone well documented. IncompatibilityProtamine should not be mixed with other drugs without knowledge of their compatibility. Laboratory Test InteractionsNone well documented. Adverse ReactionsCardiovascularHypotension; bradycardia; circulatory collapse. CNSLassitude. GINausea; vomiting. RespiratoryShortness of breath; pulmonary edema; acute pulmonary hypertension. MiscellaneousAnaphylaxis (severe respiratory distress, circulatory collapse, capillary leak, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema); transient flushing and feeling of warmth; back pain. PrecautionsPregnancyCategory C . LactationUndetermined. ChildrenSafety and efficacy not established. HypersensitivityFatal anaphylaxis may occur. Circulatory collapseCan occur along with myocardial failure and reduced cardiac output. Heparin reboundWhen used to neutralize large doses of heparin, protamine can be inactivated by blood; treatment consists of giving additional protamine. Pulmonary edemaHigh-protein noncardiogenic pulmonary edema has occurred with use of protamine in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Too rapid administrationCan result in severe hypotension and anaphylactoid reactions. OverdosageSymptomsBleeding. Patient Information
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