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|Liotrix

Liotrix

Trade Names:
Thyrolar ¼
- Tablets 3.1 mcg T ₃ /12.5 mcg T ₄ (thyroid equivalent to 15)

Trade Names:
Thyrolar ½
- Tablets 6.25 mcg T ₃ /25 mcg T ₄ (thyroid equivalent to 30)

Trade Names:
Thyrolar 1
- Tablets 12.5 mcg T ₃ /50 mcg T ₄ (thyroid equivalent to 60)

Trade Names:
Thyrolar 2
- Tablets 25 mcg T ₃ /100 mcg T ₄ (thyroid equivalent to 120)

Trade Names:
Thyrolar 3
- Tablets 37.5 mcg T ₃ /150 mcg T ₄ (thyroid equivalent to 180)

Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology

Increases metabolic rate of body tissues; is needed for normal growth and maturation.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

40% to 80% of T ₄ is absorbed; absorption is increased by fasting and decreased by certain foods. Approximately 95% of T ₃ is absorbed in 4 hr.

Distribution

More than 99% is bound to serum proteins. Minimal amounts excreted in breast milk.

Metabolism

Approximately 80% of T ₃ comes from monodeiodination of T ₄ . Conjugated hormone is found in the bile and gut where it may undergo enterahepatic circulation.

Elimination

Primarily eliminated by the kidneys. Approximately 20% of T ₄ is excreted in feces.

Special Populations

T ₄ absorption and urinary excretion are decreased with age.

Indications and Usage

Replacement or supplemental therapy in hypothyroidism; pituitary TSH suppression in treatment or prevention of various types of euthyroid goiters, including thyroid nodules, subacute or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto"s), multinodular goiter, and management of thyroid cancer; diagnostic agent in suppression tests to differentiate suspected and hyperthyroidism or thyroid gland autonomy.

Contraindications

Diagnosed but uncorrected adrenal cortical insufficiency; untreated thyrotoxicosis; apparent hypersensitivity to any component of the product.

Dosage and Administration

PO Start with low doses, with increments depending on the cardiovascular status. Usual starting dose is 1 tablet of Thyrolar ½ with increments of 1 tablet of Thyrolar ¼ q 2 to 3 wk. In patients with long-standing myxedema, the recommended starting dose is 1 tablet daily of Thyrolar ¼ and reduce dosage if angina occurs. Readjust dosage within first 4 wk of therapy after proper clinical and laboratory evaluations, including serum levels of T ₄ (bound and free) and TSH.

PO More than 18.75 mcg of T ₃ and 75 mcg T ₄ daily.

PO 12.5 mcg of T ₃ and 50 mcg T ₄ to 18.75 mcg of T ₃ and 75 mcg T ₄ daily.

PO 9.35 mcg of T ₃ and 37.5 mcg of T ₄ to12.5 mcg of T ₃ and 50 mcg T ₄ daily.

PO 6.25 mcg of T ₃ and 25 mcg of T ₄ to 9.35 mcg of T ₃ and 37.5 mcg of T ₄ daily.

PO 3.1 mcg of T ₃ and 12.5 mcg of T ₄ to 6.25 mcg of T ₃ and 25 mcg of T ₄ daily.

PO Larger amounts of thyroid hormone than those used for replacement therapy are required.

PO Usual suppressive dose of T ₄ is 1.56 mcg/kg/day for 7 to 10 days.

General Advice

Administer prescribed dose once daily. When given on an empty stomach, absorption is increased. However, to maintain steady blood levels and effect, be consistent in administering drug with or without food.

Storage/Stability

Store tablets in refrigerator (36° to 46°F).

Drug Interactions

May increase anticoagulant effect.

Bind T ₃ and T ₄ in the intestine, impairing absorption.

Thyroid requirement may be increased in patients with nonfunctioning thyroid gland or receiving thyroid replacement therapy.

Requirements of these agents may be increased by liotrix.

Laboratory Test Interactions

Consider changes in thyroid binding globulin concentration when interpreting thyroxine (T ₄ ) and triiodothyronine (T ₃ ) values; medicinal or dietary iodine interferes with all in vivo tests of radioiodine uptake, producing low uptakes that may not reflect true decrease in hormone synthesis.

Adverse Reactions

Metabolic

Hypermetabolic state (indicative of hyperthyroidism).

Precautions

Pregnancy

Category A .

Lactation

Minimal amounts excreted in breast milk.

Children

When used for congenital hypothyroidism, routine determinations of serum T ₄ or TSH are strongly advised in newborns.

Special Risk Patients

Use with great caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, especially if integrity of coronary arteries is suspected, including patients with angina pectoris or the elderly; may aggravate intensity of symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus or insipidus or adrenal cortical insufficiency.

Myxedema coma

Requires simultaneous administration of glucocorticoids.

Weight reduction

Should not be used for weight reduction; may produce serious or life-threatening toxicity particularly when given with sympathomimetics or anorexiants.

Overdosage

Symptoms

Hypermetabolic state.

Patient Information

• Explain name, dose, action, and potential side effects of drug.
• Instruct patient to take prescribed dose once daily.
• Advise patient to take each dose at about the same time each day and consistently with or without food.
• Advise patient that therapy will be started with a low dose and that the dose may be gradually increased until maximum benefit is obtained.
• Caution patient not to change the dose or stop taking unless advised to do so by health care provider.
• Inform patient that drug controls, but does not cure, symptoms of hypothyroidism, and to continue taking the drug as prescribed even when feeling better.
• Advise patient that thyroid replacement therapy is usually a life-long therapy.
• Advise patient to notify health care provider if any of the following are noted: chest pain, increased heart rate, palpitations, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, nervousness, tremors, other unusual events.
• Instruct diabetic patient to monitor blood glucose more frequently when drug is started or dose is changed and to inform health care provider of significant changes in readings.
• Explain to parent or guardian that partial hair loss may be experienced by child in first few months of therapy but that this side effect is usually reversible.
• Instruct women to notify health care provider if pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
• Instruct patient to not take any prescription or OTC medications or dietary supplements unless advised to do so by health care provider.
• Advise patient that follow-up visits and lab tests will be required to monitor therapy and to keep appointments.