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|Glycerin

Glycerin

Trade Names:
Colace
- Suppositories glycerin

Trade Names:
Fleet Babylax
- Liquid 4 mL/applicator

Trade Names:
Ophthalgan
- Solution (ophthalmic) glycerin

Trade Names:
Osmoglyn
- Solution 50% (0.6 g glycerin/mL)

Trade Names:
Sani-Supp
- Suppositories glycerin

Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology

Reduces IOP by creating osmotic gradient between plasma and ocular fluids (oral form). Promotes bowel evacuation by local irritation and hyperosmotic actions (rectal form). Reduces edema and clears corneal haze by attracting water through semipermeable corneal epithelium (ophthalmic form).

Pharmacokinetics

Elimination

Eliminated by the kidneys.

Indications and Usage

Control of acute attack of glaucoma; reduction of intraocular pressure prior to and after ocular surgery.

Short-term treatment of constipation; to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations.

Clearance of edematous corneas to facilitate ophthalmoscopic and gonioscopic examination in acute glaucoma, bullous keratitis, and Fuchs" endothelial dystrophy.

Unlabeled Uses

Reduction of intraocular and intracranial pressure via special IV preparations.

Contraindications

Anuria, severe dehydration, frank or impending acute pulmonary edema, severe cardiac decompensation.

Nausea, vomiting, acute surgical abdomen, fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction, undiagnosed abdominal pain.

Dosage and Administration

PO 1 to 2 g/kg 1 to 90 min prior to surgery. PR Insert 1 suppository (3 g) or 5 to 15 mL as rectal enema and retain 15 min. Topical 1 to 2 gtt instilled in eye(s) prior to examination.

PR Same as adults.

PR 1 to 1.5 g suppository or 2 to 5 mL as rectal enema.

Use only on advice of health care provider.

General Advice

• Administer 50% oral solution with 0.9% Sodium Chloride flavored with orange, lemon, or lime juice or administer commercially prepared 50% or 75% flavored solution.
• Administer suppository high in rectum with patient lying on side; encourage patient to retain suppository in rectum for at least 15 min.
• To administer rectal liquid, have patient lie on left side, insert stem of applicator into rectum with tip pointing toward navel, squeeze unit until nearly all liquid has been dispensed, and remove applicator. Small amount of liquid may remain in unit.
• Ophthalmic solution may cause burning sensation in eye. Administer local anesthetic before instillation of drug.

Storage/Stability

Store suppositories in cool location, but do not freeze. Other formulations may be stored at room temperature.

Drug Interactions

None well documented.

Laboratory Test Interactions

None well documented.

Adverse Reactions

Cardiovascular

Arrhythmias.

CNS

Headache; confusion; disorientation; weakness; dizziness; fainting.

Dermatologic

Rectal form: Perianal irritation; sweating.

EENT

Ophthalmic solution: Ocular pain and irritation.

GI

Nausea; vomiting. Rectal form: Excessive bowel activity; abdominal cramps; bloating; flatulence.

Metabolic

Dehydration; hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.

Precautions

Pregnancy

Category C .

Lactation

Undetermined.

Children

Do not administer enemas or suppositories to children younger than 2 yr. Safety and efficacy of other forms undetermined.

Elderly

Use with caution.

Special Risk Patients

Use oral form with caution in patients with hypovolemia, confused mental states, CHF, diabetes mellitus, and severe dehydration.

Patient Information

• Inform patient of need to maintain supine position after administration of oral form of drug.
• With rectal form, advise patient about dangers associated with long-term laxative use. Instruct patient in alternative measures to encourage bowel movements (eg, increase fluid intake, increase intake of dietary fiber, increase activity). Instruct patient to avoid laxative use in presence of abdominal pain, vomiting, or nausea.