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Trihibit, |diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines

diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines

Generic Name: diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines (DIF thee ree ah, hee MAW fih liss in flu EN za, per TUH sis, TET ah nus)
Brand Names: Trihibit

What are diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines?

Diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus are serious diseases caused by bacteria. Diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, and pertussis are spread from person to person. Tetanus enters the body through cuts or wounds. Vaccines for these diseases expose the individual to a small amount of the bacteria (or to a protein from the bacteria) and cause the body to develop immunity to the disease.

Diphtheria causes a thick coating in the nose, throat, and airway. It can lead to breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure, and even death.

Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) usually strikes children younger than 5 years old. Before Hib vaccine, Hib was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis among children under 5 years old in the United States. Meningitis is an infection of the brain and spinal cord coverings, which can lead to lasting brain damage and deafness. Hib disease can also cause pneumonia; severe swelling in the throat, making it hard to breathe; infections of the blood, joints, bone, and covering of the heart; and death.

Tetanus (Lockjaw) causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. It can lead to "locking" of the jaw so the victim cannot open his mouth or swallow. Tetanus leads to death in about 1 out of 10 cases.

Pertussis (Whooping Cough) causes coughing so severe that it is hard for infants to eat, drink, or breathe. These spells can last for weeks. It can lead to pneumonia, seizures (jerking and staring spells), brain damage, and death.

Diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine can help prevent these diseases. Most children who are vaccinated will be protected throughout childhood. Many more children would get these diseases if vaccination did not occur.

What is the most important information I should know about diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines?

Children with minor illnesses, such as a cold, may be vaccinated. Children who are moderately or severely ill should usually wait until they recover before getting diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before receiving diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines?

Before receiving diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines, talk to your doctor if your child:

• had a seizure or collapsed after a dose of this vaccine or DTaP;

• cried non-stop for 3 hours or more after a dose of this vaccine or DTaP;

• had a fever over 105 degrees Fahrenheit after a dose of this vaccine or DTaP;

• has HIV or AIDS or another disease that affects the immune system;

• is taking a medication that affects the immune system (e.g. steroids, anti-rejection medications);

• has cancer; or

• is receiving cancer treatment with x-rays, radiation, or medication.

Ask your healthcare provider for more information. This vaccine may not be recommended for some of these children.

Children with minor illnesses, such as a cold, may be vaccinated. Children who are moderately or severely ill should usually wait until they recover before getting diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines.

How are diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines administered?

Your doctor, nurse, or other healthcare provider will administer the diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines as an injection.

Children should get 4 doses of diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines, one dose at each of the following ages: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 15-18 months.

A fifth dose of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines should be given when the child is 4-6 years of age. A fifth dose of haemophilus influenzae vaccine is not needed.

Children over 5 years old usually do not need haemophilus influenzae vaccine. But some older children or adults with special health conditions should get it. These conditions include sickle cell disease, HIV/AIDS, removal of the spleen, bone marrow transplant, or cancer treatment with drugs. Ask your doctor or nurse for details.

Diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines may be given at the same time as other vaccines.

Diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines should not be given to anyone 7 years of age or older because pertussis vaccine is only licensed for children under 7. Older children, adolescents, and adults still need protection from tetanus and diphtheria. A booster shot called Td is recommended at 11-12 years of age, and then every 10 years.

Your doctor may recommend reducing fever and pain by giving the child an aspirin-free pain reliever such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, Tempra, others) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, others) when the shot is given and for the next 24 hours. Your healthcare provider can tell you the appropriate dosages of these medications. Controlling fever is especially important for children who have had seizures for any reason, or if a family member has had seizures.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Contact your doctor if a dose of diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines is missed.

What happens if I overdose?

An overdose of diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines is unlikely to occur.

What should I avoid before or after getting diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines?

There are no restrictions on food, beverages, or activity before or after receiving diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines.

What are the possible side effects of diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines?

Getting diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, tetanus, or pertussis disease is much riskier than getting this vaccine. However, a vaccine, like any medicine, is capable of causing serious problems, such as severe allergic reactions. The risk of diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines causing serious harm, or death, is extremely small.

• a serious allergic reaction including swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; hives; paleness; weakness; dizziness; or a fast heart beat (very rare);

• loss of consciousness (very rare);

• brain damage (very rare);

• seizures (jerking or staring)(very rare);

• non-stop crying, for 3 hours or more; or

• high fever, over 105 degrees Fahrenheit.

Other less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Talk to your doctor if your child experiences:

• fever;

• redness or swelling where the shot was given;

• soreness or tenderness where the shot was given;

• fussiness for 1-3 days following the shot;

• tiredness or poor appetite for 1-3 days following the shot; or

• vomiting for 1-3 days following the shot.

Your doctor may recommend reducing fever and pain by giving the child an aspirin-free pain reliever such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, Tempra, others) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, others) when the shot is given and for the next 24 hours. Your healthcare provider can tell you the appropriate dosages of these medications. Controlling fever is especially important for children who have had seizures for any reason, or if a family member has had seizures.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Contact your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines?

• an oral or injectable steroid medication such as betamethasone (Celestone), cortisone (Cortone), dexamethasone (Decadron, Dexone), hydrocortisone (Cortef, Hydrocortone), methylprednisolone (Medrol), prednisolone (Prelone, Pediapred), prednisone (Orasone, Deltasone, others), or triamcinolone (Aristocort);

• an inhaled or nasal steroid such as beclomethasone (Qvar, Beclovent, Beconase, Vanceril, Vancenase), budesonide (Pulmicort, Rhinocort), flunisolide (Aerobid, Nasalide, Nasarel), fluticasone (Flovent, Flonase), mometasone (Nasonex), or triamcinolone (Azmacort, Nasacort);

• treatment for cancer with chemotherapy (medication), radiation, or x-rays;

• azathioprine (Imuran);

• basiliximab (Simulect);

• cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral, Gengraf);

• etanercept (Enbrel);

• leflunomide (Arava);

• muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone);

• mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept);

• sirolimus (Rapamune); or

• tacrolimus (Prograf).

It may not be recommended to receive diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines if the child is taking any of the medications listed above.

Diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines can be given at the same time as other vaccinations.

Where can I get more information?

• Your doctor or pharmacist may have additional information or suggest additional resources regarding diphtheria, haemophilus influenzae, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines.

• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ("Multum") is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum"s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum"s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.